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IVAN WYSCHNEGRADSKY

14th May 1893 --- 29th September 1979

Wyschnegradsky was born on the May 4, 1893, one of his early works was composed in 1916 titled The Day of the Brahma
which was  later  to be become later  "The Day of the Existence",  written for  a narrator,  full orchestra and  mixed chorus.

In 1917,  the day before the revolution,  Wyschnegradsky completed his law studies.  In November,  his father died.  Ivan
composed  "The Red Gospel",  opus 8.  In 1919 and  he  elaborated on  his first  project  on the notation  of  twelfth-tones.

The first public  performance of Wyschnegradsky's  Andante religioso and funebre  was performed at the  theatre Pavlovsk
under the direction  of Aslanov and in the presence of César Cui.  At the end of the concert,  Cui congratulated him  "for his
moderation".

Following year, Wyschnegradsky and his family moved to Paris.  The Pleyel house manufactured a pneumatic-transmission
piano  for him which  did not satisfy him  entirely (1921).  Wyschnegrasky wished  to build  a true quarter-tone  piano  and
thought that he can do it only in Germany.  He ordered from Straube  a Möllendorf-type quarter-tone harmonium.  In 1922
and 1923, he went to several revivals in Germany where he meets R. Stein, A. Haba, J.  Mager and W. Möllendorf.  Then the
following year,  he married Hélène Benois who gave him a son  named Dimitri in 1924,  now Dimitri Vichney,  but the union
was broken in 1926, and they divorced.

He ordered a quarter-tone piano from Foerster (1927).  The Vandelle  quartet performed the Prelude  and Fugue,  Opus 15.
In 1929,  the piano made by Foerster  arrived in Paris.  He met Lucille Markov (Gayden),  his future wife.  He also published
the Manual of Quarter-tone Harmony (1932).  In 1934, he composed Twenty-four preludes in all the tones of the chromatic
scale diatonicized with thirteen sounds, for two pianos in quarter tones (1934).

On January 25, 1937, he attended the fir?st concert devoted entirely to his music.  He met Olivier Messiaen, and later Henri
Dutilleux and  Claude Ballif.  He recorded the  slow movement  of the Symphony Thus spoke  Zarathustra for four  pianos in
quarter tones.

In 1942,  Wyschnegradsky was arrested by  the Germans and  transferred to Compiègne,  where he remained two months.
His wife, of American nationality, was also arrested and transferred to Vittel.

On November 11, 1945, Gisèle Peyron and Mady Sauvageot, sopranos, Lili Fabrègue, viola, Yvette Grimaud, Yvonne Loriod
Pierre Boulez and Serge Nigg,  pianos gave a concert of works of Wyschnegradsky.  Contracting tuberculosis,  he rested at
the sanatorium of St. Martin-du-Tertre.  In 1947, André Souris gave the première in  Belgium of the Symphony Thus spoke
Zarathustra for four pianos in Brussels, then in 1951, Pierre Boulez, Yvette Grimaud, Claude Helffer and Ina Marika gave a
performance of  the Second symphonic fragment,  Opus 24 in Paris.  The Revue Musicale published a special  issue on Ivan
Wyschnegradsky and Nicolas Obouhow.

In 1977, Martine Joste had organized a concert at Radio France. In Canada, Bruce Mather did the same. In 1978, Alexandre
Myrat, at the head  of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Radio France,  performs the Day of Existence.  Ivan Wyschnegradsky is
then  invited by the  DAAD as composer in  residence at Berlin.  He cannot go there for reasons of health.  Radio-France had
commissions from him a String trio.

Wyschnegradsky died in Paris on September 29, 1979, at 86 years old.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Wyschnegradsky.

Last Updated on 2018
By Steven Ritchie

And now for the Music

"Prelude No.1, Opus.2 from the 2 Preludes". Sequencer Unknown

"Prelude No.2, Opus.2 from the 2 Preludes". Sequencer Unknown

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